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The ''Calibres de France'' ("French calibers") was a system of standardization of cannons in France, established by King Francis I of France from about 1525.〔(''La Grande Maîtresse, nef de François Ier: recherches et documents d'archives'' by Max Guérout p.231 )〕 The objective was to simplify and codify cannonry, in order to facilitate production.〔 On 26 September 1526, Francis I wrote about the ''artillerye de mon calibre'' ("Artillery of my caliber"), and an even earlier mention is known from 1512.〔 The ''Calibres de France'' were formalized in an ordinance of 1552.〔(''L'histoire mémorable du siège et de la famine de Sancerre (1573)'' by Jean de Léry, Géralde Nakam p.70 )〕 Six standard sizes were defined: the cannon (''Canon''), the "grand" culverin (''Grande couleuvrine''), the "bastard" culverin (''Couleuvrine bâtarde''), the "middle" culverin (''Couleuvrine moyenne''), the Falconet (''Faucon''), and the falconeer (''Fauconneau'').〔 The system was expanded by an ordinance dated 27 November 1572, and an edict dates December 1601.〔 The 6-guns ''Calibres de France'' system was still in place at the time of Louis XIII, which was later developed to an 18-guns system.〔(''Dictionnaire Des Institutions De La France Aux Dix-Septieme Et Dix-Huitieme Siècles'' by Marcel Marion p.26 )〕 The system was phased out with the Keller system in 1666, and the De Vallière system on 7 October 1732.〔 ==Other models== File:Grand culverin of Francis I 140mm 307cm Algiers recovered in 1830.jpg|"Grande couleuvrine" of Francis I, caliber: 140mm, length: 307 cm, recovered in Algiers in 1830. File:Grand culverin of Francis I with Salamander emblem and inscription in Arabic Rhodes.jpg|"Grande couleuvrine" of Francis I with Salamander emblem and inscription in Arabic, Siege of Rhodes (1522). File:French bastard culverin 1548 with arms of Henri II and Catherine de Medicis and crescent of Diane 85mm 300cm 1076kg.jpg|"Couleuvrine bâtarde" of 1548, with arms of Henri II and Catherine de Medicis and crescent of Diane. Caliber: 85mm, length: 300 cm, weight: 1076 kg. File:Bronze culverin of Francis I.jpg|Bronze culverin of Francis I. File:Grand culverin of the Hospitallers 1500 1510 French work 165mm 540cm 3343kg iron ball 15kg Emery Amboise Abdul Aziz to NIII 1862 alt.jpg|Grand culverin of the Knights Hospitallers, 1500-1510, Rhodes. French work, caliber: 165 mm, length: 540 cm, weight: 3,343 kg, ammunition: 15 kg iron ball. Arms of Grand Master Emery d'Amboise. Given by Abdülaziz to Napoleon III in 1862. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Calibres de France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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